Coffee provides
more than just a morning jolt; that steaming cup of java is also the
number one source of antioxidants in the U.S. diet, according to a new
study by researchers at the University of Scranton (Pa.). Their study
was described today at the 230th national meeting of the American
Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society.
"Americans
get more of their antioxidants from this drink than any other dietary
source. Nothing else comes close," says study leader Joe Vinson, Ph.D.,
a chemistry professor at the university. Although fruits and vegetables
are generally promoted as good sources of antioxidants, the new finding
is surprising because it represents the first time that this drink has
been shown to be the primary source from which most Americans get their
antioxidants, Vinson says. Both caffeinated and decaf versions appear
to provide similar antioxidant levels, he adds.
Coffee
antioxidants; He cautions that high antioxidant levels in foods and
beverages don't necessarily translate into levels found in the body.
The
potential health benefits of these antioxidants ultimately depends on
how they are absorbed and utilized in the body, a process that is still
poorly understood, says Vinson, whose study was primarily funded by the
American Cocoa Research Institute.
It
also comes at an appropriate time: Consumption is on the rise in the
United States and over half of Americans drink it everyday, according
to the National Coffee Association.
Antioxidants
in general have been linked to a number of potential health benefits,
including protection against heart disease and cancer. For the current
study, Vinson and his associates analyzed the antioxidant content of
more than 100 different food items, including vegetables, fruits, nuts,
spices, oils and common beverages. The data was compared to an existing
U.S. Department of Agriculture database on the contribution of each
type of food item to the average estimated U.S. per capita consumption.
Coffee a Healthy Blend!
Coffee
antioxidants; on the combined basis of both antioxidants per serving
size and frequency of consumption, Vinson says. Java easily outranked
such popular antioxidant sources as tea, milk, chocolate and
cranberries, he says. Of all the foods and beverages studied, dates
actually have the most antioxidants of all based solely on serving
size, according to Vinson. But since dates are not consumed at anywhere
near the level of caffeine, the blue ribbon goes to our favorite
morning pick-me-up as the number one source of antioxidants, he says.
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Besides
keeping you alert and awake, coffee antioxidants have been linked to an
increasing number of potential health benefits, including protection
against liver and colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and Parkinson's
disease, according to some recently published studies. But there's also
a downside: coffee can make you jittery and cause stomach pains, while
some studies have tied it to elevated blood pressure and heart rates.
More research is needed, particularly human studies, to firmly
establish its health benefits, besides coffee antioxidants. Vinson
says.
While the findings would seem to encourage people to go out and drink more, Vinson emphasizes moderation.
"One to two cups a day appear to be beneficial," he says. If you don't
like coffee, consider drinking black tea, which is the second most
consumed antioxidant source in the U.S. diet, Vinson says. Bananas, dry
beans and corn placed third, fourth and fifth, respectively.
Coffee antioxidants; Scientists brewed a
strong cup of coffee or tea, or they mixed cocoa powder into hot water
to make hot chocolate. Then, they collected blood from healthy
volunteers and filtered out the plasma containing LDL particles. In
each run, a sample of these LDLs was incubated with a small quantity of
the beverage. Then, a known oxidant was added to the mix.
Compared to LDLs treated with the oxidant alone, those mixed with a beverage experienced less oxidation.
The protection afforded by each beverage
was indicated by the time it took the LDLs to oxidize—the longer the
lag time, the better the protection.
In this experimental setup, coffee
protected the LDLs for 5.0 to 16.0 hours. By contrast, cocoa protected
the lipoproteins for 3.5 to 7.5 hours, green tea for 3.0 to 5.5 hours,
black tea for 1.0 to 4.5 hours, and herbal tea for 6 minutes to perhaps
an hour. The range of times for each beverage reflects the varying
strengths of the batches prepared.
Because there is considerable variation
between countries in the way each typically prepares a particular
drink, these scientists formulated each beverage in various
strengths—and observed a marked dose-dependence in their effects. The
more concentrated the brew or cocoa, the better protection it afforded.
And what happens if you add milk?
Concerned
that milk might bind to the antioxidant compounds in one or more of
these beverages, Richelle’s group investigated whether adding dairy
would compromise a drink’s antioxidant potency. The scientists mixed in
enough milk to equal 10 percent of the volume for the brews and a full
66 percent of the volume for cocoa. To their surprise, they found no
change in any of the drinks’ LDL protection.
Prefer
decaf? That’s okay. Coffee antioxidants were in Caffeine free coffee,
and offered the same LDL protection in these test-tube studies that the
joltin’ joe provided.
There is
reason to believe the relative benefits seen in the test tubes will
hold up in the body. Earlier this year, Japanese researchers showed
that the quantity of oxidized LDL in an individual’s blood correlated
with the severity of a man’s or woman’s heart disease (SN: 4/21/01, p.
245).
In that a little alcohol
also seems to benefit the heart, I think I’ll reach for a “healthy”
dose of Irish coffee. In fact, let’s make it an Irish mocha.